TypewriterATM

/* -- Typewriter component ---------------------------------------

   A line typed character by character behind a cursor, deleted and

   cycled through a list of strings. The authored strings stay in the DOM

   for assistive tech (visually hidden); the runtime paints an aria-hidden

   copy. Without script, the first string shows as plain text. */

@layer components {

  .typewriter {

    --_cursor: var(--typewriter-cursor-color, currentColor);

    position: relative;

    display: inline;

    /* no script (or not yet initialized): the first string, as text */

    &:not([data-init]) > :not(:first-child) { display: none; }

    /* initialized: the authored strings are read, not seen */

    & > .typewriter-source {

      position: absolute;

      width: 1px;

      height: 1px;

      margin: -1px;

      padding: 0;

      overflow: hidden;

      clip-path: inset(50%);

      white-space: nowrap;

      border: 0;

    }

    & > .typewriter-line { white-space: pre-wrap; }

    /* -- Cursor: a bar by default; solid while typing, blinking idle -- */

    & .typewriter-cursor {

      display: inline-block;

      width: max(2px, 0.08em);

      height: 1.1em;

      margin-inline-start: 0.06em;

      vertical-align: -0.15em;

      background: var(--_cursor);

      animation: typewriter-blink 1s steps(1) infinite;

    }

    &:is([data-phase="typing"], [data-phase="deleting"]) .typewriter-cursor { animation: none; }

    &[data-cursor="block"] .typewriter-cursor { width: 0.55em; opacity: 0.85; }

    &[data-cursor="underscore"] .typewriter-cursor {

      width: 0.6em;

      height: max(2px, 0.1em);

      vertical-align: -0.1em;

    }

    &[data-cursor="none"] .typewriter-cursor { display: none; }

    /* data-cursor-hide: "typing" = only while idle; "done" = gone at the end */

    &[data-cursor-hide="typing"]:is([data-phase="typing"], [data-phase="deleting"]) .typewriter-cursor,

    &[data-cursor-hide="done"][data-state-name="done"] .typewriter-cursor { visibility: hidden; }

    /* -- data-reserve: as wide as the longest string from the start --- */

    &[data-reserve] {

      display: inline-grid;

      justify-items: start;

      vertical-align: bottom;

      & > :is(.typewriter-line, .typewriter-ghost) { grid-area: 1 / 1; }

      & > .typewriter-ghost {

        display: grid;

        visibility: hidden;

        pointer-events: none;

        /* room for the cursor after the longest string */

        padding-inline-end: 0.2em;

        & > span { grid-area: 1 / 1; white-space: pre; }

      }

      & > .typewriter-line { white-space: pre; }

    }

    &[data-reserve][data-align="center"] { justify-items: center; }

    &[data-reserve][data-align="end"] { justify-items: end; }

  }

  @keyframes typewriter-blink {

    50% { opacity: 0; }

  }

  /* -- Accessibility -------------------------------------------- */

  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {

    /* the runtime swaps whole strings instead of typing; the cursor stays still */

    .typewriter .typewriter-cursor { animation: none; }

  }

  @media (prefers-contrast: more) {

    .typewriter[data-cursor="block"] .typewriter-cursor { opacity: 1; }

  }

  @media (forced-colors: active) {

    .typewriter .typewriter-cursor { background: CanvasText; forced-color-adjust: none; }

  }

}

// -- Typewriter -------------------------------------------------

// Types a list of strings character by character, holds, deletes and

// cycles, behind a cursor. The strings are authored as child elements, so

// the markup is readable without script and a screen reader hears the whole

// list once (the moving copy is aria-hidden) - never a live region churning

// through every keystroke. Plus the named-state API (AGENTS.md "State API").

// Shared preamble (AGENTS.md "State API"); the implementation lives in core.js —

// build.ts rewrites this import into a df$.shadcn.shared binding in dist/.

import { defussGlobals } from '../../shared/state-api.js';

const df$ = defussGlobals();

const typewriterStates = ['default', 'paused', 'done'];

const num = (el, key, fallback) => {

  const v = parseFloat(el.dataset[key]);

  return Number.isFinite(v) && v >= 0 ? v : fallback;

};

const reducedMotion = () => globalThis.matchMedia?.('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches;

/** Characters as the reader sees them (an emoji or accented letter is one). */

const graphemes = (text) =>

  globalThis.Intl?.Segmenter

    ? Array.from(new Intl.Segmenter(undefined, { granularity: 'grapheme' }).segment(text), (s) => s.segment)

    : Array.from(text);

/** Paints `count` characters of string `index`, with that string's colour. */

function paint(tw, index, count) {

  const src = tw._sources[index];

  tw._text.textContent = src.chars.slice(0, count).join('');

  // colour cycling: each string may carry its own class / style

  tw._text.className = `typewriter-text${src.className ? ` ${src.className}` : ''}`;

  tw._text.setAttribute('style', src.style);

  tw.dataset.index = String(index);

  tw._index = index;

  tw._count = count;

}

/** Sets the phase CSS keys on (the cursor is solid while typing, blinks idle). */

const phase = (tw, name) => { tw.dataset.phase = name; };

function stop(tw) {

  clearTimeout(tw._timer);

  tw._timer = 0;

}

/** Delay for the next keystroke; data-variable jitters it for a human rhythm. */

function keyDelay(tw, base) {

  if (!tw.hasAttribute('data-variable')) return base;

  return base * (0.5 + Math.random());

}

/**

 * One step of the loop: type the current string, hold, delete, move on.

 * Each step schedules the next; stop() cancels the chain.

 */

function step(tw) {

  if (!tw.isConnected) return stop(tw);

  const src = tw._sources[tw._index];

  const last = tw._index === tw._sources.length - 1;

  const loop = tw.hasAttribute('data-loop');

  const next = (fn, ms) => { tw._timer = setTimeout(() => fn(tw), ms); };

  if (tw._deleting) {

    if (tw._count > 0) {

      phase(tw, 'deleting');

      paint(tw, tw._index, tw._count - 1);

      return next(step, keyDelay(tw, num(tw, 'deleteSpeed', 35)));

    }

    tw._deleting = false;

    paint(tw, (tw._index + 1) % tw._sources.length, 0);

    return next(step, num(tw, 'speed', 70));

  }

  if (tw._count < src.chars.length) {

    phase(tw, 'typing');

    paint(tw, tw._index, tw._count + 1);

    return next(step, keyDelay(tw, num(tw, 'speed', 70)));

  }

  // the string is complete

  tw.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('typewriter-typed', { bubbles: true, detail: { index: tw._index, text: src.text } }));

  if (last && !loop) return finish(tw);

  phase(tw, 'holding');

  tw._deleting = true;

  return next(step, num(tw, 'pause', 1500));

}

/** Stops on the current string, complete - the natural end of a run. */

function finish(tw) {

  typewriterApi.setState(tw, 'done', { index: tw._index });

  tw.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('typewriter-done', { bubbles: true, detail: { index: tw._index } }));

}

/** Reduced motion: whole strings swap in place on the pause rhythm - no typing. */

function stepInstant(tw) {

  if (!tw.isConnected) return stop(tw);

  const last = tw._index === tw._sources.length - 1;

  paint(tw, tw._index, tw._sources[tw._index].chars.length);

  phase(tw, 'idle');

  if (last && !tw.hasAttribute('data-loop')) return finish(tw);

  tw._timer = setTimeout(() => {

    paint(tw, (tw._index + 1) % tw._sources.length, 0);

    stepInstant(tw);

  }, num(tw, 'pause', 1500) + 1000);

}

function run(tw, delay = 0) {

  stop(tw);

  const go = () => (reducedMotion() ? stepInstant(tw) : step(tw));

  if (delay) tw._timer = setTimeout(go, delay);

  else go();

}

/**

 * UI side of setState. 'default' (re)starts the cycle - from string

 * `{ index }` when given; coming from 'paused' without an index it resumes

 * where it stopped; otherwise from the first string. 'paused' freezes it where it

 * is (the cursor blinks); 'done' stops with a string shown in full

 * (`{ index }`, default the current one).

 */

function triggerStateChange(tw, stateName, config, previous) {

  const count = tw._sources.length;

  // an editor may hand the index over as a string

  const asked = config.index === undefined || config.index === '' ? NaN : Number(config.index);

  const pick = Number.isInteger(asked) ? Math.min(Math.max(asked, 0), count - 1) : undefined;

  switch (stateName) {

    case 'default':

      if (pick === undefined && previous === 'paused') {

        run(tw);

        break;

      }

      tw._deleting = false;

      paint(tw, pick ?? 0, 0);

      phase(tw, 'idle');

      run(tw, config.immediate ? 0 : num(tw, 'startDelay', 0));

      break;

    case 'paused':

      stop(tw);

      phase(tw, 'idle');

      break;

    case 'done': {

      stop(tw);

      const index = pick ?? tw._index ?? 0;

      paint(tw, index, tw._sources[index].chars.length);

      phase(tw, 'idle');

      break;

    }

  }

}

/** Registry-level API; pass the .typewriter element explicitly. Unknown names throw. */

export const typewriterApi = {

  setState(tw, stateName, config = {}) {

    if (!typewriterStates.includes(stateName)) {

      throw new Error(

        `typewriter: unknown state "${stateName}" (supported: ${typewriterStates.join(', ')})`,

      );

    }

    const previous = tw.dataset.stateName;

    tw.dataset.stateName = stateName;

    tw._stateConfig = config;

    triggerStateChange(tw, stateName, config, previous);

  },

  getState(tw) {

    return { name: tw.dataset.stateName || 'default', config: tw._stateConfig ?? {} };

  },

};

df$.typewriterApi = typewriterApi;

df$.typewriterStates = typewriterStates;

function init() {

  document.querySelectorAll('.typewriter:not([data-init])').forEach((tw) => {

    tw.dataset.init = '';

    const children = Array.from(tw.children);

    if (!children.length) return; // no strings authored - nothing to type

    tw._sources = children.map((c) => ({

      text: c.textContent ?? '',

      chars: graphemes(c.textContent ?? ''),

      className: c.getAttribute('class') ?? '',

      style: c.getAttribute('style') ?? '',

    }));

    // the authored strings stay in the DOM for assistive tech (visually

    // hidden by CSS); the typed copy and the cursor are presentation only

    children.forEach((c) => c.classList.add('typewriter-source'));

    // the visible line: the typed text + the cursor, one unit

    const line = document.createElement('span');

    line.className = 'typewriter-line';

    line.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');

    tw._text = document.createElement('span');

    tw._text.className = 'typewriter-text';

    const cursor = document.createElement('span');

    cursor.className = 'typewriter-cursor';

    line.append(tw._text, cursor);

    tw.append(line);

    // data-reserve: the box is as wide as the longest string from the

    // start, so the sentence around it never shifts

    if (tw.hasAttribute('data-reserve')) {

      const ghost = document.createElement('span');

      ghost.className = 'typewriter-ghost';

      ghost.setAttribute('aria-hidden', 'true');

      tw._sources.forEach((s) => {

        const g = document.createElement('span');

        g.textContent = s.text;

        ghost.appendChild(g);

      });

      tw.append(ghost);

    }

    tw.api = {

      setState: (stateName, config) => typewriterApi.setState(tw, stateName, config),

      getState: () => typewriterApi.getState(tw),

    };

    paint(tw, 0, 0);

    phase(tw, 'idle');

    tw.dataset.stateName = 'default';

    // data-trigger="visible": start the first time it scrolls into view

    if (tw.dataset.trigger === 'visible' && globalThis.IntersectionObserver) {

      const io = new IntersectionObserver((entries) => {

        if (entries.some((e) => e.isIntersecting)) {

          io.disconnect();

          typewriterApi.setState(tw, 'default', {});

        }

      });

      io.observe(tw);

    } else {

      typewriterApi.setState(tw, 'default', {});

    }

  });

}

init();

new MutationObserver(init).observe(document, { childList: true, subtree: true });